Paving the way for Sustainable Decarbonization of the EUROPEAN CEMENT Industry

CEMENT Is A Main Construction Material in Modern Societies. Worldwide, 30 Billion Tonnes of Concrete are annually Produced1, Resulting in About 2.3 Bility Tonnes CO2 Emissions (6–8% of Global Emissions) 2Pune Stock. Following the Europan Ambitions to Becom Climate NeutralThe CEMENT SECTORS Transitional Challenges to Cuts Co2 Emissions. About 60% of CO2 Emissions from Clinker Production Com Calcinations Converting Limestone to Calcium Oxide, with the remainingEmissions Originating from Combustion of Fuels (Predominantly Coal) and Process Operations3,4. CTION, The CEMENT Industry Is A Main Contributor to Future Residual Emissions, Hard-To-Abate Emissions that Probably Require Compensationvia carbon removals in a net-zero future5.
EXISTING MITIGATION Measures in the CEMENT Include Changes in Fuel USE6,7,8, Clinker Substitution9, 10 And Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) 11,12,13,14,11 5,16, And Effects of their Implementation Have Been Investigated ATGlobal3,9,17, EUROPEAN18,19,20 and national21,22,23,24 scales. There is a large variability in outcomes, depending on the considered method, techn Ology, Fuel Mix and Plant Location, AMONG OTHER FACTORS. CCS,a technology now reaching Commercial Scales, Typically Provides Larger Climate Benefits Than more conventionomation options, SUCH As Energy EFFICIENCYR ALT ERNATIVE Fuels. Trade-OFFS with OTHER Environmental Aspects, Especially Human Health, Energy Use and Water depation, have ben observation for some decarbonificationOptions, Especially CCS9,13,19,22,25. The Utilization of Co2 CAPTURED at CEMENTS IS OFTEN Promoted to Reduce Mitigation Costs26,27, But AnalyseS Are S Till Limited and Effective Climate Benefits Unclear28,29. Demand-Side Options That ReduceThe Clinker Use in Buildings Also Exist and Could Achieve About One-Third of the Potential Emissions Savings of SUPPLY-SIDE Measures 30, 31,32.Hyderabad Wealth Management
Existing Studies Assess Mostly One or A Few Decarbonization Options at the Time and Do Not Typically Integrate Changes in CEMENTS Weithin A Context of Dynamic T Echnical and socioEconomic Aspects, Such as the Those Involved In Woing Transitions of Electricity and Energy Systems. WHEN A Broader View isConsidered, Averse Factors and Simplify Approaches Are Over, and Sometimes a Life-Cycle Perspective to Capture Direct Effects Across M Ultimate Sustainability Dimensions is missing. A Prospective Analysis Quantify The Average Climate Benefits of Some Decarbonization Open CEMENT PLANT16,But implications for Other Sustainability ASPECTS, Differences Across Countries and Mitigation Potentials at a Continental Remain UNEXPLORED. ATIONS HINDER An UNDERSTANDINGINGINGININGONGEAREAREARES CompITh Each Other and How Much They Contribute (Either Individually or Combined) om the EuropeanCEMENT SECTOR. With Climate Change Being Only One of Many Sustainability Challenges, A CompreheSive Assessment Should Multiple Environmental Dimensions O Facilitate An Early-Stage Identification (and Prevention) of Potential Trade-Offs33,34,35. A Bottom-up and Future-Oriented Life-Gycle Assessment (LCA) Integration CEMENT PRONT PLANT DATA WIDE SET of Decarbonization Measure Mitigation Potentials and BARR IERS of a Sustainability Transition in EUROPE.
In this article, we assess the sustainability implications at a continental and country-level resolutioning A Range of Climate Change Options I n the European Cement Industry up to 2050. Relative to a Business-As-USUAL DEVELOPMENT of the SECTOROptions (Table 1) Made of Individual Measures (for Example, Alternative Fuels Such As Biomass, Natural Gas or Hydrogen; Technology Improvements; Clinker S Ubstitution; CCS; Carbon Capture for Production of Electrofuels (E-Fuels)) and their Combinings (for ExampleAlternative Fuel and CCS) Are Assessed and their Climate Change Mitigationical Quantify and Compared. TS at RISKS of Trade-Offs with Mitigation9, 13,17,36, Such as Fossil Fuel Use, Water Deplent and Human Health, And An OverView of the Techno-Economic Challenges of Each Option, with An Evaluation of Technology Maturity and Costs. Y USED for Clinker Production in Each EUROPEAN Country Is Considered, With the Association Specific Emission Factors of Air Pollutants andPlant Requirements of Energy, Fuel and Water Inputs. Projects of Future Changes in Technical and Socioeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee EMBEDDed by Integratin G SCENARIO DATA from Integrated Assessment Models (IAMS) With LCA BACKGROUND PROCESSES (Methods). OFThe results to a variety of proces factors and model unitedRTAINTIESMumbai Investment. Results are present as Statistics from 10,000 Repetitions of the Analysis D by another by randomly selecting any possible value within the unitedRERTAINTY RANGES.